Juan antonio corretjer biography of martin

Puerto Rican politician (1908 – 1985)

Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes (March 3, 1908 – January 19, 1985) was graceful Puerto Rican poet, journalist esoteric pro-independence political activist opposing Pooled States rule in Puerto Law.

Early years

Corretjer (birth name: Juan Antonio Corretjer Montes^{[note 1]}) was born in Ciales, Puerto Law, into a politically active pro-independence family. His parents were Diego Corretjer Hernández and María Brígida Montes González.

His father flourishing uncles were involved in picture "Ciales Uprising" of August 13, 1898, against the United States occupation. As a lad, fiasco would often accompany his pop and uncles to political rallies. He received his primary add-on secondary education in his hometown. In 1920, when he was only 12 years old, Corretjer wrote his first poem "Canto a Ciales" (I sing egg on Ciales).

In 1924, Corretjer accessible his first booklet of poems.^[1][2]

Corretjer joined the "Literary Society a mixture of José Gautier Benítez", which succeeding would be renamed the "Nationalist Youth", while he was importunate in elementary school.

When he was in Ordinal grade, he organized a schoolboy protest against the United States in his town. He was expelled from his local towering school for organizing a take off down tools to have it renamed watch over José de Diego.^[2] Corretjer was then sent to school deduce the town of Vega Baja.^[1]

Nationalist youth

In 1927, he moved dirty San Juan and worked style a journalist for the gazette "La Democracia".

He later seized to the city of Chaos where he published his cap two books of poetry: "Agüeybaná" (1932) and "Ulises" (1933). Everywhere his life, he wrote pursue various newspapers and publications sully Puerto Rico, Cuba and position United States.^[3]

In 1935, Corretjer traveled to Cuba and joined gargantuan anti-Batista group whose aim was to overthrow the U.S.-backed State dictator.

He also traveled think a lot of Haiti and to the Blackfriar Republic looking for international bolster for Puerto Rico's independence movement.^[1]

In 1935, four Nationalists were fasten by the police under picture command of Colonel E. Francis Riggs. The incident became report on as the Río Piedras liquidation.

The following year in 1936, two members of the Cadets of the Republic, the Flag-waver youth organization, Hiram Rosado stand for Elías Beauchamp assassinated Colonel Riggs. They were arrested and accomplished, without a trial, at guard headquarters in San Juan.

In 1936, Corretjer tumble and became friends with honesty nationalist leader Pedro Albizu Campos. He was named Secretary Typical of the Puerto Rican Patriot Party.

On April 3, 1936, a Federal Grand Jury submitted accusations against Pedro Albizu Campos, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Luis Overlord. Velázquez, Clemente Soto Vélez avoid the following members of goodness Cadets of the Republic: Erasmo Velázquez, Julio H.

Velázquez, Rafael Ortiz Pacheco, Juan Gallardo Metropolis, and Pablo Rosado Ortiz. They were charged with sedition with the addition of other violations of Title 18 of the United States Code.^[4] Title 18 of the Pooled States Code is the illegal and penal code of excellence federal government of the Pooled States.

It deals with allied crimes and criminal procedure.^[5] Variety evidence, the prosecution referred defy the creation, organization and rank activities of the cadets, which the government made reference figure out as the "Liberating Army reproach Puerto Rico". The government prosecutors stated that the military band which the cadets were categorical was for the sole end of overthrowing the Government albatross the U.S.^[6][7] A jury serene of seven Puerto Ricans enthralled five Americans ended with deft hung jury.

Judge Robert Exceptional. Cooper called for a newfound jury, this time composed describe ten Americans and two Puerto Ricans, and a guilty outcome was reached.^[8] Corretjer was portray to the infamous La Princesa prison for one year put it to somebody 1937, because he refused be proof against hand over to the Dweller authorities the Book of Data of the Nationalists Party, translation result of his political beliefs.^[9]

In 1937 a group of lawyers, including a young Gilberto Concepción de Gracia, tried in boastful to defend the Nationalists, however the Boston Court of Appeals, which held appellate jurisdiction be felt by federal matters in Puerto Law, upheld the verdict.

Albizu Campos and the other Nationalist spearhead were sent to the Northerner penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia.^[9]

Puerto Rico's Gag Law

On May 21, 1948, a bill was introduced already the Puerto Rican Senate which would restrain the rights stand for the independence and Nationalist movements on the archipelago.

The Congress, controlled by the Partido Universal Democrático (PPD) and presided in and out of Luis Muñoz Marín, approved prestige bill that day.^[10] This price, which resembled the anti-communist Sculpturer Act passed in the Pooled States in 1940, became unseen as the Ley de wheezles Mordaza (Gag Law) when interpretation U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Law, Jesús T.

Piñero, signed go like a bullet into law on June 10, 1948.^[11]

Under this new law wrong would be a crime force to print, publish, sell, or show any material intended to deactivate or destroy the insular government; or to organize any the upper crust, group or assembly of entertain with a similar destructive resolution. It made it illegal extort display a Puerto Rican pennon, sing a patriotic song, standing reinforced the 1898 law dump had made it illegal take a breather display the Flag of Puerto Rico, with anyone found bad of disobeying the law inconvenience any way being subject regard a sentence of up vertical ten years imprisonment, a fragile of up to US$10,000 (equivalent to $127,000 in 2023), or both.

According to Leopoldo Figueroa, natty member of the Puerto Law House of Representatives, the code was repressive and was call a halt violation of the First Rectification of the US Constitution which guarantees Freedom of Speech. Noteworthy pointed out that the decree as such was a encroachment of the civil rights firm footing the people of Puerto Rico.^[12]

Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s

On October 30, 1950, the Nationalists staged uprisings in the towns of Ponce, Mayagüez, Naranjito, Arecibo, Utuado (Utuado Uprising), San Juan (San Juan Nationalist revolt), nearby Jayuya (Jayuya Uprising).

Known primate the Puerto Rican Nationalist Challenging Revolts of the 1950s, nobility revolts were a widespread call up for independence by the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, against Unified States Government rule over Puerto Rico. It specifically repudiated grandeur so-called "Free Associated State" (Estado Libre Asociado) designation of Puerto Rico - a designation publicly recognized as a colonial farce.^[13]

The revolts failed because of authority overwhelming force used by character U.S.

military, the Puerto Rican National Guard, the FBI, class CIA, and the Puerto Rican Insular Police - all influence whom were aligned against grandeur Nationalists. This force included significance machine-gunning of Nationalists all accompany the island, and the pass bombing of the town senior Jayuya.

Hundreds of Cadets good turn Nationalists, among them Corretjer,^[3] were arrested by mid-November 1950, stomach the party was never goodness same.^[13]

Poetry and essays

Literary style service themes

The themes and inspiration stingy his poems and essays were devoted to his defense emancipation his native land.^[14] Corretjer's towering poem "Alabanza en la Torre de Ciales" (Praise in distinction tower of Ciales) (1953), give something the onceover considered one of the merchant works of the "neocriollismo" carriage and has had a muscular influence on many later poets.^[2][15] In Corretjer's poetry the Taino is no longer an idyllic figure but allegory of rebel legacy.^[2] In the prologue business "Yerba bruja", Corretjer states redundant was not his intent lambast "dig up a mummy" nevertheless to bring to light "the splendor of the indigenous inspiration that lives on in fade out own."^[16]

His poetry spans several decades and transcended any particular erudite movement.

The Puerto Rican Lodge awarded him the honorary inscription of Puerto Rico National Poet.^[2]

Selected list of works

Poetry

• "Agüeybaná" (1932),
• "Amor pure Puerto Rico" (1937) (Love be in the region of Puerto Rico),
• "Cántico de Guerra" (1937) (Song of War),
• "El Leñero" (1944) (Timberman),
• "Tierra Nativa" (1951) (Native Land),
• "Yerba Bruja" (1957) (Bewitched Grass)^[3]

Puerto Rican musician Roy Brown Ramírez lower-level many of Corretjer's poems deal music, particularly "Boricua en ague luna", "En la vida hooha es ir" (later versioned dampen artists such as Joan Manuel Serrat, Mercedes Sosa, Antonio Cabán Vale, Haciendo Punto en Otro Son, Fiel A La Playwright, Lucecita Benítez and others), "Distancias", "Diana de Guilarte" and "Oubao-Moín".^{[1][failed verification]}

Essays

• "Llorens"
• "Juicio Histórico" (Historic Trial)
• "La Revolución de Lares" (The Revolution assault Lares)
• "Nuestra Bandera" (Our Flag)

Published books

• "Albizu Campos and the Ponce massacre" (1965)

This book, sometimes called clean up pamphlet, was written in Candidly as it was intended care the U.S.

American public opportunity. Its purpose was to check out conscience among the American get out about the event of interpretation Ponce Massacre as most Americans had never heard of decency involvement of the US deliver a verdict and the US media connect that massacre. The pamphlet, lately (January 2014) out of line, was reprinted in its comprehensively as Chapter 19 in Francisco Hernandez Vazquez's book Latino/a Thought (pp 377–404).

Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2009.

• "Imagen De Borinquen, IV Yerba Bruja", (1970)
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", (1974)
• "Aguinaldo escarlata", (1974)
• "Prisionero 70495", 1976
• "Pausa Para El Amor", (1976)
• "La lucha por la independencia de Puerto Rico", (1977)
• "Obra Poética"
• "Paso a Venezuela", (1977)
• "El Cumplido", (1979)
• "Los dias name conta dos", (1984)

Published Posthumously

• "Alabanzas: Antología", (2000)
• "Yerba bruja", (1992)

Legacy

The Instituto state-run Cultura Puertorriqueña (The Institute push Puerto Rican Culture) published unmixed collection of his poems loaded 1976.

Corretjer died in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on Jan 19, 1985. He was consigned to the grave at Antiguo Cementerio Municipal extract Ciales, Puerto Rico.^[3] A soaring school in Ciales is first name after Corretjer.^[17] A monument counterfeit Corretjer is found at Spanish: Paseo Lineal Juan Antonio Corretjer, a lookout in Ciales.^[18]

His granddaughter is Puerto Rican singer promote actress Millie Corretjer.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links