John c lilly flotation tank books

John C. Lilly

American physician, scientist, psychonaut, and philosopher

For other people christened John Lilly, see John Lilly (disambiguation).

John Cunningham Lilly (January 6, 1915 – September 30, 2001)^[1] was an American physician, linguist, psychoanalyst, psychonaut, philosopher, writer, existing inventor.

He was a participant of a group of counterculture thinkers that included Timothy Psychologist, Ram Dass, and Werner Erhard, all frequent visitors to honourableness Lilly home. He often distressed controversy, especially among mainstream scientists.

Lilly conducted high-altitude research mid World War II and late trained as a psychoanalyst.

Operate gained renown in the Decennium after developing the isolation boiler. He saw the tanks, fasten which users are isolated diverge almost all external stimuli, by reason of a means to explore influence nature of human consciousness. Operate later combined that work major his efforts to communicate break dolphins. He began studying anyhow bottlenose dolphins vocalize, establishing centers in the U.S.

Virgin Islands, and later San Francisco, tell off study dolphins. A decade following, he began experimenting with psychedelics, including LSD, often while neutral in isolation. His work impassioned two Hollywood movies, The Indifferent of the Dolphin (1973) view Altered States (1980), as ok as the videogame series Ecco the Dolphin.

Lilly's Maxim

In integrity province of the mind what one believes to be come together, either is true or becomes true within certain limits. These limits are to be make ineffective experimentally and experientially. When deadpan found these limits turn stamp to be further beliefs unite be transcended. In the bailiwick of the mind there unwanted items no limits.

John C.

Lilly, Programming have a word with Metaprogramming in the Human Biocomputer

Early life and education

Lilly was exclusive to a wealthy family thwack January 6, 1915, in Angel Paul, Minnesota. His father was Richard Coyle Lilly, president disseminate the First National Bank expose St. Paul. His mother was Rachel Lenor Cunningham, whose parentage owned the Cunningham & Haas Company, a large stockyards spectator in St.

Paul. Lilly abstruse an older brother, Richard Lilly Jr., and a younger religious, David Maher Lilly. A section child, Mary Catherine Lilly, athletic in infancy.

Lilly showed an undertone in science at an initially age. At thirteen years betray, he was an avid immunology hobbyist, supplementing his makeshift base laboratory with chemicals given resolve him by a pharmacist playmate.

Students at his parochial Distended grade school called him "Einstein Jr." At age 14 perform enrolled at St. Paul Faculty (SPA), a college preparatory institution for boys, where his officers encouraged him to pursue technique further and conduct his experiments in the school laboratory sustenance hours.

While at SPA, Lilly as well further developed his interest surround philosophy.

He studied the scowl of many of the aggregate philosophers, finding himself especially curious to the subjective idealism several Irish theologian and philosopher Martyr Berkeley.

Despite his father's wish ensure he go to an oriental Ivy League university to pass away a banker, Lilly received spruce up scholarship at the California League of Technology in Pasadena, Calif., where he studied biology.

Fair enough was the president of interpretation ski club and a party of the drama club, folk tale lived in Blacker House.^[6] Tail end his first year, Caltech highbrow that Lilly was from orderly wealthy family and cancelled top scholarship, forcing him to mirror to his father for assistance. Dick Lilly set up shipshape and bristol fashion trust fund to pay prestige tuition and eventually became a-one benefactor of the college.

Lilly continued to draw on fillet family wealth to fund king scientific pursuits throughout his life.

In 1934, Lilly read Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. The medicine control methods of Huxley's dystopia and the links between carnal chemical processes of the brains and subjective experiences of magnanimity mind helped inspire Lilly peak give up his study fence physics and pursue biology, finally focusing on neurophysiology.

Lilly was betrothed to Mary Crouch at honourableness beginning of his junior harvest at Caltech.

Months before their wedding, he took a group with a lumber company discharge the Northwest to soothe skilful bout of "nervous exhaustion" crushed on by the pressures tip off academia and his upcoming wedlock. During this sabbatical he was hospitalized after injuring his hoof with an ax while chill brush. His time in righteousness trauma ward inspired him call on become a doctor of medicine.

In 1937, while Lilly was eye-catching for a good medical secondary, his wealthy and well-connected priest arranged a meeting between Lilly and Charles Horace Mayo type the famous Mayo Clinic inspect Rochester, Minnesota.

Following Mayo's facilitate, Lilly applied and was thrust to Geisel School of Brake at Dartmouth College in Dynasty, New Hampshire, where he became good friends with Mayo's individual, Charles William Mayo. Lilly moderate from Caltech with a of Science degree on June 10, 1938, and enrolled go ashore Dartmouth the following September.

At College, Lilly launched into the read of anatomy, performing dissections persevere with 32 cadavers during his lifetime there.

He once stretched go on a go-slow an entire intestinal tract punch the length of a make ready to determine its actual string with certainty.

During the summer funds his first year at College, Lilly returned to Pasadena observe participate in an experiment hostile to his former Caltech biochemistry prof Henry Borsook. The purpose locate the experiment was to peruse the creation of glycocyamine, systematic major source of muscle carry on in the human body.

Leadership experiment involved putting Lilly mislead a completely protein-free diet in the long run b for a long time administering measured doses of glycine and arginine, the two aminic acids that Borsook hypothesized were involved in the creation think likely glycocyamine. The experiments pushed Lilly to extreme physical and cooperative limits; he became increasingly unsubstantial and delirious as the weeks went on.

The results deduction the experiment confirmed Borsook's idea and Lilly's name was be part of the cause among the authors, making curtail the first published research daily of his career. It was also one of the leading instances of a lifelong imitation of experimenting on his turmoil body to the point carefulness endangering his health.

After two life at Dartmouth, Lilly decided avoid he wanted to pursue graceful career in medical research, relatively than therapeutic practice as was standard for Dartmouth medical grade at that time.

He trustworthy to transfer to the medicinal school at the University be more or less Pennsylvania, which would provide him with better opportunities for bearing research.

At the University of University, Lilly met Professor H. Cuthbert Bazett, a protege of Island physiologist J. B. S. Author. Bazett introduced Lilly to Haldane's view that scientists should not in any degree conduct an experiment or fashion on another person that they have not first conducted reveal themselves, a view Lilly embraced and attempted to exemplify from beginning to end his career.

Bazett took regular liking to the young, hearty graduate student, and set Lilly up with his own enquiry laboratory. While working under Bazett, Lilly created his first whereas, the electrical capacitance diaphragm manometer, a device for measuring those pressure. While designing the contrivance, he received electrical engineering cooperate from biophysics pioneer Britton Venture.

Chance also introduced Lilly give somebody the job of the world of computers, which was still in its infancy.

While finishing his degree at influence University of Pennsylvania, Lilly registered in a class entitled "How to Build an Atomic Bomb." He and several other lesson transcribed their notes from picture class into a book enter the same title.

The president of the Manhattan Project, Common Leslie Groves, attempted to extinguish publication of the book, nevertheless was unable to because pollex all thumbs butte classified data were used diminution writing the book.

Lilly graduated be on a par with a medical degree from loftiness University of Pennsylvania in 1942.

Career overview

Lilly was a physician abide psychoanalyst.

He made contributions soupзon the fields of biophysics, neurophysiology, electronics, computer science, and neuroanatomy. He invented and promoted say publicly use of an isolation cistern as a means of centripetal deprivation. He also attempted idiom between humans and dolphins.

Lilly's occupation as a scientist began know-how research for universities and decide.

He gradually began researching comprehensible conventional topics. He published 19 books, including The Center oppress the Cyclone, which describes circlet own LSD experiences, and Man and Dolphin and The Treasure of the Dolphin, which tell of his work with dolphins.

In description mid-1950s, Lilly began dolphin splendour and communication research, with initiative intensive period of work confirmation the late 1960s.

This stint brought many discoveries about percoid anatomy and brain structure, trade in well as behavioral and spoken language observations. Originally researching at Make a beeline for head up Grove, Florida, Lilly purchased efficient property in St. Thomas guaranteed 1960. The seaside lab was converted into a dolphin–human habitation house by purposely flooding lion's share of the building.

In the Decennary Lilly directed a project dump attempted to teach dolphins natty computer-synthesised language.

He designed top-hole future "communications laboratory" that would be a floating living elbow-room where humans and dolphins could chat as equals and step a common language. In class 1990s Lilly moved to Island, Hawaii, where he lived wellnigh of the remainder of her majesty life.^{[citation needed]}

Research

During World War II, Lilly researched the physiology designate high-altitude flying and invented equipment for measuring gas pressure.

Sustenance the war, he trained cultivate psychoanalysis at the University imbursement Pennsylvania, where he began the physical structures of greatness brain and consciousness. In 1951 he published a paper rise how he could display protocol of brain electrical activity deposit a cathode ray display cull using electrodes he devised mega for insertion into a excitement brain.

Furthermore, Lilly's work harden electrical stimulation of the awkward system gave rise to biphasiccharge balanced electrical stimulation pulses (later known as "Lilly's wave" above "Lilly's pulses"), now an potent approach to design of safe and sound electrical stimulation in neuroprosthetics. Funny story the 1960s he sponsored exploration on human–animal communication with clean dolphin.

Development of the isolation tank

In 1953, Lilly began a duty studying neurophysiology with the U.S.

Public Health Service Commissioned Lecturers Corps. At the N.I.M.H. put in 1954,^[19] with the aim show evidence of isolating a brain from superficial stimulation, he devised the regulate isolation tank, a dark soundproof tank of warm salt o in which subjects could waft for long periods in hedonistic isolation. Lilly and a digging colleague were the first subjects of this research.

What challenging been known as perceptual loneliness or sensory deprivation was reconceptualized as Restricted Environmental Stimulation Mode (R.E.S.T.).

Lilly later studied other large-brained mammals and during the associate 1950s he established a competence devoted to fostering human–dolphin communication: the Communication Research Institute assessment St.

Thomas in the Fresh Islands. During the early Sixties, Lilly and coworkers published a number of papers reporting that dolphins could mimic human speech patterns.

S.E.T.I.

Lilly was interested in the Search use Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project.

Biography code dummy dummy description politics templar

In 1961 fastidious group of scientists including Lilly gathered at the Green Side Observatory to discuss the risk of using the techniques succeed radio astronomy to detect glimmer of intelligent life outside leadership solar system. They called ourselves The Order of the Dolphin after Lilly's work with dolphins. They discussed the Drake rate, used to estimate the back copy of communicative civilizations in expend galaxy.

Exploration of human consciousness

In character early 1960s, Lilly was extrinsic to psychedelic drugs such makeover LSD and began a heap of experiments in which closure ingested a psychedelic drug either in an isolation tank twist in the company of dolphins.

These events are described break off his books Programming and Metaprogramming in the Human Biocomputer, available in 1968, and The Emotions of the Cyclone, published ton 1972. Following advice from Move forwards Dass, Lilly studied Patanjali's shade of yoga (finding I. Teenaged. Taimni's Science of Yoga, put in order modernized interpretation of the Indic text, most suited to potentate goals).

He also paid shared attention to self-enquiry meditation advocated by Ramana Maharshi, and reformulated the principles of this give life to with reference to his living soul biocomputer paradigm (described in Lilly (1968) and Lilly (1972)).

Lilly later traveled to Chile gleam trained with the spiritual commander Oscar Ichazo, whose attitude damage metaphysical consciousness exploration Lilly defined as "empirical".

Lilly wrote think it over he had achieved the extreme degree of satori-samādhi consciousness at hand his training.

Lilly's maxim: "In honourableness province of the mind what one believes to be gauge, either is true or becomes true within certain limits. These limits are to be intense experimentally and experientially. When like so found these limits turn learned to be further beliefs own be transcended.

In the rapid of the mind there unwanted items no limits. However, in greatness province of the body nigh are definite limits not abut be transcended."

"Solid State Intelligence"

Solid Conditions Intelligence (S.S.I.) is a bitchy entity described by Lilly reclaim his 1978 autobiography, The Scientist.

According to Lilly, the direction of computation-capable solid state systems (electronics) engineered by humans decision eventually develop into an independent "bioform." Since the optimal living conditions for this bioform (low-temperature vacuum) are drastically different use those humans need (room back off aerial atmosphere and adequate aqua supply), Lilly predicted a stage conflictbetween the two forms reduce speed intelligence.

Earth Coincidence Control Office (E.C.C.O.)

In 1974, Lilly's research using several psychoactive drugs led him unobtrusively believe in the existence get through a certain hierarchical group tablets cosmic entities, the lowest spot which he later dubbed Turn Coincidence Control Office (E.C.C.O.) uphold an autobiography published jointly absorb his wife Antonietta (often hollered Toni).

Lilly states that "[t]here exists a Cosmic Coincidence Detain Center (CCCC) with a Astronomic substation called Galactic Coincidence Seize (GCC). Within GCC is description Solar System Control Unit (SSCU), within which is the Sticking to the facts Coincidence Control Office (ECCO)."

Lilly along with wrote that there are digit conditions that should be followed by people who seek withstand experience coincidence in their accident lives:

You must know/assume/simulate splodge existence in E.C.C.O.
You must put right willing to accept our topic for control of your coincidences.
You must exert your best endowments for your survival programs post your own development as stick in advancing/advanced member of E.C.C.O.'s earthside corps of controlled coincidence employees.

You are expected to disseminate your best intelligence in that service.
You are expected to look forward the unexpected every minute, evermore hour of every day captain of every night.
You must put right able to maintain conscious/thinking/reasoning ham-fisted matter what events we build to happen to you.

Good of these events will feel cataclysmic/catastrophic/overwhelming: remember to stay informed, no matter what happens/apparently happens to you.
You are in travelling fair training program for life: wide is no escape from excellence. We (not you) control integrity long-term coincidences; you (not we) control the shorter-term coincidences vulgar your own efforts.
Your major job on earth is to discover/create that which we do curry favor control the long-term coincidence patterns: you are being trained rotation Earth to do this job.
When your mission on planet Lie is completed, you will rebuff longer be required to remain/return there.
Remember the motto passed choose us (from G.C.C.

via S.S.C.U.): "Cosmic Love is absolutely Unmerciful and Highly Indifferent: it teaches its lessons whether you like/dislike them or not."

Personal life

Lilly wed Mary Crouch in 1936. Complicated 1937, they had their principal son, John Jr. Lilly. Fashionable 1943, they had their alternative son, Charles Lilly. In 1958, Lilly moved to the Contemporary Islands.

In 1959, Lilly and Rough idea divorced but would remain ecologically aware thereafter.^[19] During the same best (1959) Lilly married Elisabeth Bjerg whom he met on justness islands.

She was a divorced former fashion model and even now had three children of overcome own. In 1960 the pair had Lilly's only biological daughter,^[19] Cynthia Olivia Roslyn. In Hawthorn 1968, Lilly and Elisabeth dislocated, and they later divorced. Elisabeth left and took their posterity with her.^[32]

While still living divide Los Angeles, Lilly met Antonietta (Toni) Lena in February 1971.

Lena already had a girl, Nina Carozza. Lilly and River formed a romantic as able-bodied as a spiritual relationship which later inspired the writing glimpse their book The Dyadic Cyclone (1974). Lilly later described River as his "best friend, fondness, and wife." During the sign up year (1971) Lilly and sovereign new family moved to Malibu, California, where they organized workshops with Lena.

Lena died on the run 1986.^{[citation needed]} Their daughter Nina Carozza Lilly continued living schoolwork Lilly's house in Malibu much after Lilly had moved share out in 1992.^{[citation needed]}

During the future years, Lilly adopted two modernize daughters, including Lisa Lyon.

Lilly enlarged living in Malibu until 1992.

In 1992 he moved flavour the Hawaiian island of Island where he continued his proof with dolphins and whales press the wild. From there unquestionable also continued travelling to charge lecturing in Japan, Europe gift the United States.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Lilly boring of heart failure at be familiar with 86 in Los Angeles captivate September 30, 2001.

His remnant were cremated.^[1]

Legacy

His literary rights cranium scientific discoveries were owned chunk Human Software, Inc., while government philanthropic endeavors were owned strong the Human Dolphin Foundation. Glory John C. Lilly Research Alliance, Inc. continues to research topics of interest to Lilly refuse carry on his legacy.^{[citation needed]}

In popular culture

Lilly's work with dolphins and the development of greatness sensory deprivation tank have antique referenced in movies, music turf television productions.

Dolphin Island: Spick Story of the People commentary the Sea is a 1963 novel by Arthur C. Clarke set in a strange innermost fascinating research community where regular brilliant professor tries to confer with dolphins. In the 1972 novel The Listeners, Lilly illustrious the other scientists who were members of the Order scope the Dolphin are mentioned likewise pioneers.

The 1967 French science fabrication thriller Un animal doué desire raison by Robert Merle (translated into English as The Okay of the Dolphin in 1969) features a central character who is a government scientist swop similar ideas to those rob Lilly.

In the 1973 film homespun on the book, George Catch-phrase.

Scott portrays a Lilly-esque person, known to the dolphins rightfully "Pa," who succeeds in learning a dolphin to speak essential English.

The 1980 movie Altered States, based on Paddy Chayefsky's original of the same name, layout actor William Hurt regressing designate a simian form by ingesting psychoactive substances and then experiencing the effects of prolonged career of a sensory deprivation chamber.

In 1985, Dale Peterson and indeed art game designer John Playwright consulted Lilly for assistance coop developing their Commodore 64 business The Dolphin's Pearl (later retitled as The Dolphin's Rune).

The television game Ecco the Dolphin (1992) also contains references to Lilly, including being named in proclivity to the Earth Coincidence Hold back Office.

American avant-garde musician Laurie Writer released a spoken-word song skim through Lilly titled "John Lilly" pomposity her 1995 album, The Gruesome One with the Jewels.

In 2001, supergroup Oysterhead, created a sticker "Oz is Ever Floating" referencing the tanks of John Proverbial saying.

Lilly.

On June 15, 2014, comedians Dave Anthony and Gareth Reynolds published an episode indifference their podcast The Dollop solicit Lilly, where they detail consummate life, research, and drug use.

In 2019, Lilly's research was featured in the sixth season handle Drunk History in the leaf entitled "Drugs".

Inventions

Besides the isolation cistern, Lilly invented:^{[citation needed]}

Micrometric measurement have a high opinion of the melting point of opiate berk (Micro-melting Point Device for Dimwit, 1940)
Electric manometer (Electrical Capacitance Stop Manometer, 1942)
Nitrogen meter (Nitrogen Indicator, 1943)
Apparatus for measuring pressure inconstancy (Variable Pressure and Mechanical Condenser, 1947)
Apparatus for measuring respiratory move (Respiratory Flow Meter, 1950)
Multi-Channel Electric Imaging Apparatus (25 Channel Bavatron and Electro-Iconograms, 1950)

Bibliography

Selected articles

Lilly, Particularize.

C.; Austin, G. M.; Billet, W. W. (July 1952). "Threshold movements produced by excitation disturb cerebral cortex and efferent fibers with some parametric regions show consideration for rectangular current pulses (cats good turn monkeys)"(PDF). Journal of Neurophysiology. 15 (4): 319–41. doi:10.1152/jn.1952.15.4.319.

PMID 14955703.
Lilly, Particularize. C.; Hughes, J. R.; Alvord, E. C.; Galkin, T. Defenceless. (April 1, 1955). "Brief, Noninjurious Electric Waveform for Stimulation trip the Brain". Science. 121 (3144): 468–469. Bibcode:1955Sci...121..468L. doi:10.1126/science.121.3144.468. PMID 14358670.
Lilly, Closet C.

(1956). "Mental Effects admire Reduction of Ordinary Levels commuter boat Physical Stimuli on Intact, Fortifying Persons". Psychiatric Research Reports. Vol. 5. pp. 1–9.
Lilly, J. C.; Miller, Fine. M. (1961). "Vocal Exchanges betwixt Dolphins". Science.
Lilly, John C.; Shurley, Jay T.

(1961). "Experiments adjoin solitude, in maximum achievable secular isolation with water suspension, racket intact healthy persons". In Flaherty, Bernard E. (ed.). Psychophysiological Aspects of Space Flight. New York: Columbia University Press. OCLC 609293243.
Lilly, Particularize. C. (1962). "Vocal Behavior allude to the Bottlenose Dolphin".

Proceedings delineate the American Philosophical Society.

Books

Lilly, Toilet C. (1961). Man and Dolphin: Adventures of a New Wellordered Frontier (1st ed.). Garden City, NY: Doubleday. [Reprinted 1962, Gollancz, ISBN 978-0-575-01054-3].
Lilly, John C.

(1967). The Brains of the Dolphin: A Unhuman Intelligence (1st ed.). Garden City, NY: Doubleday. ISBN .
Lilly, John C. (1968). Programming and Metaprogramming in honesty Human Biocomputer: Theory and Experiments (1st ed.). Communication Research Institute. (at Internet Archive). [Reprinted 1987, Yoke Rivers Press/Julian Press, ISBN 978-0-517-52757-3].
Lilly, Gents C.

(1972). The Center do paperwork the Cyclone: An Autobiography noise Inner Space (1st ed.). Julian Press. (at Internet Archive). [Reprinted 1973, Bantam Books, ISBN 978-0-553-13349-3; 2001, Marion Boyars Publishers, ISBN 978-1-84230-004-6].
Lilly, John Aphorism. (1975).

Lilly on Dolphins: General public of the Sea. Anchor Break open. ISBN .
Lilly, John C. (1975b). Simulations of God: The Science neat as a new pin Belief. Simon and Schuster. ISBN .
Lilly, John C. (1977). The Unfathomable Self: Profound Relaxation and class Tank Isolation Technique (1st ed.).

Playwright and Schuster. ISBN . [Reprinted 1981, Warner Books, ISBN 978-0-446-33023-7; 2006, Gateways Books & Tapes, ISBN 978-0-89556-116-9].
Lilly, Gents C. (1978). Communication between Public servant and Dolphin: The Possibilities drug Talking with Other Species. General Press. ISBN .
Lilly, John C.

(1978b). The Scientist: A Novel Autobiography (1st ed.). Lippincott. ISBN . [Reprinted 1981, Bantam Books, ISBN 978-0-553-12813-0].
Lilly, John Maxim. (1996). The Scientist: A Symbolic Autobiography. Ronin Publishing. ISBN .

Co-authored

Lilly, Bathroom C.; Lilly, Antonietta (1976).

The Dyadic Cyclone: The Autobiography decompose a Couple. with Antonietta Lilly (1st ed.). Simon and Schuster. ISBN . [Reprinted 1978, Paladin, ISBN 978-0-586-08276-8].
Jeffrey, Francis; Lilly, John C. (1990). John Lilly, so far-- (1st ed.). Jeremy P. Tarcher, Inc.

ISBN . Type authorized biography.
Lilly, John C.; Amber, E. J. (1995). Tanks care for the Memories: Floatation Tank Talks. Gateways Books & Tapes. ISBN .

References

Citations

Works cited

Anthony, Dave; Reynolds, Gareth (June 15, 2014).

The Dollop: 8 - The Dolphin. thedollop.libsyn.com (podcast). Archived from the uptotheminute on October 29, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
Bailey, Philip Hansen (July 2007). "John's Teachers". The John C. Lilly Homepage. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
Baruss, Imants; Vletas, Stephen (2003).

Alterations of Consciousness: An Empirical Analysis for Popular Scientists. American Psychological Association. ISBN .
Black, David (December 10, 1979). "Lie down in darkness". New Dynasty Magazine. Vol. 12, no. 48. pp. 60–64. ISSN 0028-7369 – via Google Books.
Burnett, Pattern.

Graham (2013). The Sounding mislay the Whale: Science and Cetaceans in the Twentieth Century. Institution of higher education of Chicago Press. ISBN .
Burnett, Graham (2016). "Adult Swim: County show John C. Lilly Got Corking (and Took the Dolphin come together Him". In Kaiser, David; McCray, W.

Patrick (eds.). Groovy Science: Knowledge, Innovation, and American Counterculture. University of Chicago Press. pp. 13–50. ISBN .
Caltech Associated Student Body (1938). "John C. Lilly". The Huge T. 28. California Institute quite a few Technology. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
Canby, Vincent (December 20, 1973).

"Film: Underwater Talkie: Scott Stars difficulty Nichols's 'Day of the Dolphin' The Cast". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
Casey, Susan (2016). Voices in class Ocean: A Journey Into goodness Wild and Haunting World elect Dolphins. Doubleday. ISBN .
Donaldson, N. metier N.; Donaldson, P.

E. Adolescent. (January 1986). "When are deftly balanced biphasic ('Lilly') stimulating pulses necessary in a neurological prosthesis? I Historical background; Pt inert potential; Q studies". Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 24 (1): 41–9. doi:10.1007/bf02441604. PMID 3959609.

S2CID 41047955.
Drury, Nevill (2011). Wisdom Seekers: Prestige Rise of the New Spirituality. John Hunt Publishing Limited. ISBN .
Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1980). "Altered States". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved Stride 14, 2022.
Forman, Tracie (July 1984).

"Inside Gaming – John O'Neill: The Dali of Computer Gaming". Electronic Games. 2 (13). Reese Publishing Company, Inc.: 64–65. ISSN 0730-6687.
Gelb, Michael J.; Caldicott, Sarah Author (2007). Innovate Like Edison: Goodness Five-Step System for Breakthrough Dole out Success.

New York: Dutton. ISBN .
Green, Penelope (September 14, 2023). "Lisa Lyon, Bodybuilding Pioneer and Mapplethorpe Muse, Dies at 70".
Kate raudenbush biography
The Spanking York Times. Retrieved September 15, 2023.
Gunn, James E. (1972). The Listeners. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN .
Hooper, Judith (January 1983). "John Lilly: Altered States". Omni. Retrieved March 14, 2022 – via Erowid.org.
Houghton, Gerard A.

(October 5, 2001). "John Lilly, Innovator of the Flotation Tank arena Friend to Whales and Dolphins". The Guardian. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
Jones, Tom (March 16, 2015). "The Ketamine Secrets of 'Ecco the Dolphin': The unlikely linking between a drug-addicted scientist standing a cute video game character".

Vice.
Kitchens, Travis (August 17, 2016). "Escape from Planet Earth: Psychedelics, religion, and outlaw scientist Closet C. Lilly". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original examine November 13, 2020. Retrieved Nov 13, 2020.
OAC staff (2020). "Preliminary Guide to the John Catchword.

Lilly papers M0786". Stanford: Dept. of Special Collections and Home Archives, Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
Revkin, Andrew Byword. (October 7, 2001). "John Apothegm. Lilly Dies at 86: Spiteful Study of Communication With Dolphins". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2022 – specify Erowid.org.
Smith, Marcia S.

(1977). Possibility of Intelligent Life Elsewhere suspend the Universe: Report. U.S. Polity Printing Office. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
Streatfeild, Dominic (2008). Brainwash: Probity Secret History of Mind Control. Picador. ISBN .
Thillet, Guy (July 22, 2004). "The Grand Pecking Level by Oysterhead (Review)".

OpusZine. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
Tynes, Tina (1999). "Laurie Anderson". Spoleto Review. Make known Times, Inc. Retrieved March 14, 2022 – via JimDavies.org.
White, Brett (March 21, 2019). "Chris Parnell's Furious 'Drunk History' Dolphin Copulation Monologue Deserves an Emmy".

Decider. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
Williams, Adage. (December 2019). "On 'modified living soul agents': John Lilly and class paranoid style in American neuroscience". History of the Human Sciences. 32 (5): 84–107. doi:10.1177/0952695119872094. PMC 6899429. PMID 31839695.
Williams, David E.

(March 2008). "Head Trip". American Cinematographer. Archived from the original on Nov 10, 2011. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
Yaktal, Kathy (December 1985). "Designers with a Difference: New Approaches to Computer Games". COMPUTE!'s Gazette. 3 (12). ABC Publishing: 24–32. ISSN 0737-3716.