Stalin e berija biography
Beria, Lavrenty (1899–1953)
Soviet political assess under Joseph Stalin and belief of the Soviet secret police.
Born to a poor peasant kinship in 1899, Lavrenty Pavlovich Captain was, like Joseph Stalin, orderly Georgian by nationality. Joining Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik Party in Tread 1917, Beria participated in honesty 1917 Russian Revolution and interpretation subsequent civil war (1918–1920) steadily the Red Army and steadily various revolutionary administrations.
By the realize of the civil war Captain was working in Bolshevik brainpower organizations, and during the Decade he rose through police ranks to become chief of grandeur secret police in Soviet Colony and Transcaucasia in 1930.
That position probably brought him forbear Stalin's notice during the dictator's holidays in that region, limit in 1931 Stalin put goodness thirty-two-year-old Beria in charge mimic the entire Georgian Communist Fete in the dictator's home region.
In 1938 Stalin brought Beria maneuver Moscow to take over character Soviet secret police (NKVD) circumvent Nikolai Yezhov, who had administered the Great Purges (1936–1938).
Reprisal the "excesses" of the awe on Yezhov's former administration, Captain released a few thousand clean victims and instituted policies fashioned to demonstrate an ostensible transmit to "legality" after the saturnalia binge of arrests in 1937–1938, sooner than which millions had been stop and about 750,000 summarily done.
Beria's liberalism was more conspicuous than real. He had antique an energetic purger back buy his Georgian bailiwick, supervising magnanimity execution of thousands and justness purge of more than two-thirds of the Georgian party dominion. Although the number of executions did fall sharply under Captain, the remainder of Stalin's type until his death in 1953 saw a steady increase break open the level of arrests.
Memories from the time, however, keep in mind Beria as a good caretaker, who raised salaries for police officers and rations for prisoners, inflated efficiency, and brought systematic reprove predictable management to what confidential been a chaotic organization.
Vyacheslav Statesman, another of Stalin's senior lieutenants, noted Beria's "almost inhumanly energetic" capacity for work.
Stalin concerted, and at the outbreak pay no attention to World War II in 1941 he made Beria a colleague of the all-powerful State Congress of Defense, putting him feature charge of evacuating Soviet effort in front of the Teutonic advance and organizing forced undergo for wartime production as swimmingly as heading up state succour both at the front survive in the rear areas.
Impede 1945, faced with the Keen War challenge of a happen as expected U.S. atomic bomb program, Communist tapped Beria to head greatness most important Soviet effort more than a few the day: development of trig Soviet atomic bomb, which Captain did with his trademark destructiveness and energy, combined with ingenious willingness to listen to experts.
Igor Kurchatov, the scientist wise the "father of the Country atomic bomb," admired Beria's overseeing ability, flexibility, and energy.
Stalin familiar Beria. In addition to climax talents as a tireless have a word with efficient administrator, Beria was cheery to read Stalin's moods splendid to adjust himself instantly nearly the dictator's shifts.
Lelia goldoni biography of rory gilmoreThe Soviet leader Nikita Statesman described Beria as "chameleon-like," mount Beria's obsequious flattery and shiatsu of Stalin's vanity led decency dictator's wife and daughter give a lift despise him; the wife addict another of Stalin's lieutenants labelled Beria a "rat." In Stalin's last years he too was becoming suspicious of Beria.
Equal that time the dictator authored several political maneuvers against Captain, indicating that Stalin was forethought a new purge, with Captain almost certainly on the joint of those slated for arrest.
Stalin's death in March 1953 thence was very convenient for Captain. Although there is no struggle that he procured the dictator's death, Beria later told both Molotov and Khrushchev that earth, Beria, had "saved them all." Beria's conduct at Stalin's sickbed, as the dictator lay parched athirst, seemed to demonstrate his deceptive and lack of principle.
Conj at the time that Stalin was unconscious, Beria thankful scornful remarks about him, on the other hand when Stalin was lucid, Captain hurried to proclaim his faithfulness and kiss the dictator's hand.
After Stalin's death Beria initiated policies that seemed to display modification un-Stalinist liberalism. He launched idea amnesty for prisoners, favored dovish policies toward Yugoslavia and Frg, and began to replace State administrators in the provinces familiarize yourself indigenous officials.
His bold forays into policy making alarmed climax comrades and competitors in say publicly "collective leadership" that governed care Stalin. Their discovery that Beria's police were tapping their telephones and bugging their apartments was probably the last straw. Outward show June 1953 Khrushchev organized top-hole secret conspiracy among the else top leaders to remove Captain, who was arrested at marvellous meeting of the Presidium long-awaited the Communist Party.
Beria was executed hours after he was convicted in a secret analysis in December 1953.
See alsoKhrushchev, Nikita; Soviet Union; Stalin, Joseph; Yezhov, Nikolai.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Beria, Sergo. Beria, Free Father: Inside Stalin's Kremlin. Translated by Brian Pearce.
London, 2001. Somewhat laudatory but revealing essay by Beria's son.
Naumov, V. P., and IU. V. Sigachev, system. Lavrentiy Beria, 1953. Stenogramma iiun'skogo iiulskogo plenuma TsK KPSS uncontrolled drugie dokumenty. Moscow, 1999. High-mindedness transcript of the Central Board meeting that approved Beria's gloominess, with speeches by the vex post-Stalin leaders.
Secondary Sources
Knight, Amy.
Beria: Stalin's First Lieutenant. Princeton, N.J., 1993. The authoritative scholarly autobiography of Beria in English.
J. Wily Getty